151
To elicit mucosal immunity from scratch, live attenuated vaccines are often necessary, due to the need to introduce sufficient antigen and innate immune signals needed for priming via mucosal surfaces. Live vaccines are not safe for immunocompromised. (3/)
nature.com/articles/s4157…
152
This study was led and executed by my amazing colleague, @michelle_monje & her team + @PutrinoLab @MountSinaiNYC, @nathavindra et al. From our Yale team, I wish to highlight @peowenlu @ericsongg and others listed here 💪🏼 (14/)
153
First question addressed is WHERE viral RNA can persist. After a variety of RNA virus infection, viral RNA can persist not only in immune privileged sites (brain, eyes, and testes), but also in blood, lymphoid tissue, joints, respiratory tract, GI tissues, and kidney. (2/)
154
Consequences of persistent viral RNA may include organ-specific as well as nonspecific postviral syndromes such as long COVID, post-Ebola, and post-polio syndromes, characterized by symptoms including fatigue, headache, muscle pain, and joint pain. (3/)
155
What could be the possible causes of PAIS? Similar to #longCOVID, we hypothesize a) pathogen reservoir/remnants, b) autoimmunity, c) dysbiosis of microbiome/virome, and d) unrepaired tissue damage. None are mutually exclusive. (6/)
156
In fact, mice infected only in the respiratory tract show no evidence for weight loss (a disease measurement)(B),and no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the brain (C). (4/)
157
While we did not test the Delta variant, with its high viral load and transmission capacity, vaccines that induce mucosal immunity (TRM, IgA) may become important to better prevent infection and transmission. (14/n)
news.yale.edu/2021/09/02/imm…
158
This thread is about our new preprint on transposable element called long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1/L1). When expressed excessively in the cerebellum, L1 causes ataxia (impaired coordination).
A fascinating finding by @taka_takehiro 👇🏽 (1/)
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
159
📣 New prize for young scientists (<35 years of age) working on transformative research in human immunology, with a first prize of $30,000 and runner-up prizes of $10,000.
Michelson Philanthropies & Science Prize for Immunology
Apply here 👇🏽
sciencemag.org/prizes/michels…
160
A new study by @carolilucas lab shows that vaccine booster type matters, especially for 50 and older. After the CoronaVac primary series, BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 booster produces better neutralizing antibodies than the CoronaVac booster. @ScienceTM
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
161
Several features significantly distinguished Long COVID (double negative B cells, serum galectin-1, various EBV epitopes) while others were negatively associated (serum cortisol, PD-1+ CD4+ TCM, and HSV1 and HSV2 motifs). (22/)
162
Getting ready for this town hall meeting👩🏻💻 I will discuss the latest results from MY-LC study with @PutrinoLab and also provide my updated hypotheses on the pathogenesis of long COVID and vaccine-related long-haul diseases based on data from the Yale LISTEN study with @hmkyale. twitter.com/kindred_health…
163
Overall, this study adds to growing evidence that vaccines can improve symptoms and lessen the disease impact in #longCOVID.
What is the evidence? An important patient survey from @LongCovidSOS showed impact of vaccines on long covid symptoms. (5/)
…e-4609-b25f-6f3d1497c4cf.filesusr.com/ugd/8bd4fe_a33…
164
While we are so excited about the findings of this study, we also wish to highlight key limitations of this study. They are summarized here but there may be more. Our study is exploratory in nature and requires validation. (25/)
165
CD8 T cells help fight off viral infection by detecting and killing infected cells. CD8 T cells detect MHC I + viral peptide on infected cells. One of the common tricks viruses use to avoid killing is to inhibit MHC I expression and presentation. (2/)
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19498380/
166
Unfortunately, in the CoronaVac 2x recipients boosted with Pfizer mRNA vax, prior infection made no difference to the neutralization capacity against Omicron. (8/)
We study innate and adaptive immunity against viruses and study disease pathogenesis. #COVID19 #longCOVID #vaccines @HHMINEWS @YaleIBIO @YaleMed @YaleCII