26
Here is my interview on “What's causing long COVID?” with @NakedScientists
Viral reservoir
Autoimmunity
Vaccine and #LongCovid
thenakedscientists.com/articles/inter…
27
Excited to share our work by @BenIsraelow et al published today. We asked what are the roles of antibodies vs. T cells in controlling primary infection, reinfection, and vaccine-mediated protection? (1/n)
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
28
While we did not test the Delta variant, with its high viral load and transmission capacity, vaccines that induce mucosal immunity (TRM, IgA) may become important to better prevent infection and transmission. (14/n)
news.yale.edu/2021/09/02/imm…
29
Thankfully, we have not seen any evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection or disease by any COVID vaccines to date. Vaccine are not making infections worse, and are very effective in preventing disease. twitter.com/VirusesImmunit…
30
An important new study looks at how COVID vaccines impacts symptoms in #LongCovid patients. @thitran3’s team used data from ComPaRe long COVID cohort to emulate a target trial (1:1 matched vax:unvax) measuring outcome at 120 days after baseline. (1/)
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
31
The study found that the rate of complete remission from long COVID symptoms doubled in vaccinated patients compared to unvaccinated long COVID patients. Wow, vaccines appear to be helping long haulers with recovery 👏🏼 (2/)
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Overall, this study adds to growing evidence that vaccines can improve symptoms and lessen the disease impact in #longCOVID.
What is the evidence? An important patient survey from @LongCovidSOS showed impact of vaccines on long covid symptoms. (5/)
…e-4609-b25f-6f3d1497c4cf.filesusr.com/ugd/8bd4fe_a33…
33
Excellent news! So proud of Yale undergraduate students who are
• 99.5% fully vaccinated 👏🏼
• 0 COVID cases 👏🏼
• In-person learning 👏🏼
yaledailynews.com/blog/2021/10/0…
34
In our study published today, we show;
1) mRNA vaccines (2 shots) induce robust antibodies & T cells to SARS-CoV-2
2) certain mutations in VOC ⬆️ Ab escape
3) prior infection + 2 mRNA shots produce very high neutralizing Ab against most VOC 🦠(1/)
nature.com/articles/s4158…
35
The dark side of #scicomm is that being out there giving interviews comes at a significant cost. I still do this because it is important to provide facts that are helpful to people, and to combat mis/disinformation that are harmful to people. But the abuse has got to stop 🛑 twitter.com/Nature/status/…
36
I am thrilled to give a talk on “Probing disease mechanisms of long COVID” today. I will highlight many other post acute infection syndromes that lead to ME CFS, and present hypotheses and clues on the pathogenesis of #longCOVID.
deloitte.zoom.us/webinar/regist…
37
Very interesting. Vaccines can induce immune responses to clear persistent viral infection. Relevance to #longCOVID?
In this WAS patient;
1) mRNA vax (but not infection) induced antibody to the Spike
2) mRNA vax ⬆️ IFN-g secreting T cells
3) Vax cleared persistent 🦠 twitter.com/Primary_Immune…
38
Our latest study is about an immunocompromised patient with persistent COVID ➡️ treated with remdesivir but developed resistant mutation ➡️ was then cured by monoclonal Ab cocktail. Study by @gandhisk @sneakyvirus1 @epidememeology @marioph13 et al. (1/)
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
39
A preprint by Michael Simon et al @ArcadiaHealthIT shows that COVID vaccines given before or AFTER infection can reduce incidence of #longCOVID, based on a retrospective analysis of the health record of 240,648 COVID-19-infected people. 🧵(1/)
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
40
Seeking candidates for TWO tenure-track assistant/associate positions for @YaleIBIO: one for Section of Human & Translational Immunology and the other one for general immunology. We welcome applicants from diverse backgrounds. Please apply & RT 😊
apply.interfolio.com/99554
41
An important study from @blish_lab and Tracey McLaughlin groups showing that mature adipocytes and adipose tissue macrophages become infected with SARS-CoV-2. Another potential viral reservoir?
By @RoniNYTimes with comments from @VishwaDeepDixi1
biorxiv.org/content/10.110… twitter.com/NYTScience/sta…
42
Our new study by @JieunOh9 @ericsongg @MiyuMoriyama et al shows that immune priming via intranasal route provides superior protection against heterologous respiratory virus challenge. The key is in inducing local secretory IgA with broader coverage. (1/)
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
43
These results indicate that nasal vaccines induce IgA and promote better cross-protective immunity against viral variants, and suggest its utility in combating COVID-19 variants of concern. A great write up by Bill Hathaway. (13/)
news.yale.edu/2021/12/10/nas…
44
This thread is about our new preprint on transposable element called long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1/L1). When expressed excessively in the cerebellum, L1 causes ataxia (impaired coordination).
A fascinating finding by @taka_takehiro 👇🏽 (1/)
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
45
So the problem in #longCOVID is not necessarily O2 supply (thus normal cardiopulmonary function) but O2 extraction and thus consumption by tissue. What could cause such defects? Microvascular abnormality? I would love expert input here. @KaminskiMed, @CharleszYaleMed?
46
In #longCOVID patients, “exercise capacity was primarily limited by impaired systemic EO2 of such severity that what should have been an adequate increase in DO2 was insufficient to allow for an increase in VO2.” Via @YalePCCSM
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
47
CoronaVac is an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine approved for use in 48 countries. In collaboration with the Ministry of Health in Dominican Republic, we tested whether CoronaVac (2x) + Pfizer booster induces neutralizing Abs to Delta and Omicron. (1/)
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
48
In CoronaVac fully vaccinated (2x) people, there was NO detectable neutralization against the infectious Omicron virus. Antibodies were assayed at mean days from second Coronavac shot of 113 days (with SD 33 days). (5/)
49
Unfortunately, in the CoronaVac 2x recipients boosted with Pfizer mRNA vax, prior infection made no difference to the neutralization capacity against Omicron. (8/)
50
In terms of public health, CoronaVac 2x is insufficient to neutralize Omicron. Even with CoronaVac 2x plus Pfizer booster, NAb is only 1.4x higher than 2x mRNA alone. Thus, CoronaVac recipients may need 2 additional booster doses to reach levels needed against Omicron. (10/)
We study innate and adaptive immunity against viruses and study disease pathogenesis. #COVID19 #longCOVID #vaccines @HHMINEWS @YaleIBIO @YaleMed @YaleCII